Dictionary and bibliography
Bibliography
These are the records and research used in this story. The books and materials referenced in the course and book texts are listed one per line in a single document.
695 items
How to read the verification levels. 'Read' means the material was read in its entirety. 'Bibliography and abstract confirmed' means the bibliographic information and abstract were verified. 'Via course material' means the source was referenced through the main text of a book or a country's monetary history. The text hash is the SHA-256 of the main text from the original source page, excluding tags and whitespace, used to detect if the material has been altered.
| Institution/Author | Title | Publication | Verification Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| "Junius" (anonymous) — Paris: Imprimerie d'A. René et Cie, rue de Seine 32, 1846 (copy from Internet Archive). | Grand procès entre Rothschild Ier, roi des Juifs, et Satan dernier, roi des imposteurs — Arrêt rendu sur le réquisitoire de Junius, rapporteur général（1846）Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1846 | Read (read through the text of the copy; claims are within that scope) |
| "Vel Quasi" (pseudonym) — Wikisource transcription (VD17 3:622624M. Image from Wikimedia Commons) | Colloquium novum monetarum, Das ist: Ein schönes newes Gespräch Von dem jetzigen Vnertreglichem Geldauffsteigen / vnd elenden Zustandt des MüntzWesens (1621)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1621 | Read (read through the full text of the transcription; claims are within that scope) |
| "World and Japan" Database (Principal Investigator: Tanaka Akihiko) | Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan (1858) English textDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-17 | 1858-07-29 | Reading (Full text of Article 5) |
| "Historia Augusta" (LacusCurtius). | Historia Augusta, Hadrianus 26.1Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 4th century | Consulted (Latin text from LacusCurtius and English translation by Magie). |
| "Book of Han" and "Old Book of Tang" (Wikisource) | "Annals of Emperor Wu" and "Treatise on Food and Money" in Ban Gu's "Book of Han", and "Treatise on Food and Money, Part 1" in the "Old Book of Tang" (on the introduction and abolition of the Wuzhu coin).Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 1st century and 10th century | Reading ("Book of Han," Annals of Emperor Wu and Treatise on Food and Money; "Old Book of Tang," Treatise on Food and Money, Part 1. Wikisource) |
| History of Song et al. (Wikisource) | History of Song, Treatise on Food and Money; Long Draft of the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government, Continued, Topical Compendium; Factual History of the Song Dynasty (on Jiaozi).Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 11th century | Reading (History of Song, vols. 181, 180; Long Draft of the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government, Continued, Topical Compendium, vol. 45; Factual History of the Song Dynasty, vol. 15. Wikisource) |
| Shoku Nihongi; Old Book of Tang (Wikisource); Currency Museum, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan. | Shoku Nihongi, vol. 4; Old Book of Tang, vol. 48; commentary by the Currency Museum of the Bank of Japan.Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 708 and 621 | Reading (Shoku Nihongi, vol. 4, first year of Wadō; Old Book of Tang, vol. 48; commentary and FAQ from the Currency Museum of the Bank of Japan) |
| 110th Congress of the United States (published by the U.S. Government Publishing Office). | Public Law 110-343 — Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (H.R. 1424, October 3, 2008)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2008-10-03 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| A. Mitchell Innes — The Banking Law Journal, Vol. 30, No. 5 (May 1913), pp. 377–408 | What Is Money?Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-17 | 1913 | Direct reading (from the OCR text of the May 1913 issue of The Banking Law Journal, the beginning of the article and the relevant paragraphs on p. 378) |
| A. Piatt Andrew — Quarterly Journal of Economics 22(2) | Hoarding in the Panic of 1907Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1908-02 | Close reading (Read through the full text. Claims are within that scope). |
| A. Piatt Andrew — Quarterly Journal of Economics 22(4) | Substitutes for Cash in the Panic of 1907Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1908-08 | Close reading (Read through the full text. Claims are within that scope). |
| Adam Smith (Project Gutenberg e-book #3300) | An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Book I, Chapter IV: Of the Origin and Use of MoneyDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-17 | 1776 | Direct reading (full text of Book 1, Chapter 4 "Of the Origin and Use of Money") |
| Alison Cook (Bank of England Museum) | Operation Bernhard (Bank of England Museum blog)Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-26 | 2024-01-26 | Based on reading (museum's commentary page) |
| American Numismatic Association | American Numismatic Association, Money Museum virtual exhibit（Silk Road case 2）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Reading (Exhibition page) |
| American Numismatic Association（Ben Scott） | Tales From the Vault – Swedish Plate Money: Too Heavy to Steal!Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-20 | 2024-04-16 | Consulted (article from the American Numismatic Society). |
| American Numismatic Society | About — American Numismatic SocietyDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are limited to what is stated in the text) |
| American Numismatic Society | Ptolemaic Coins Online (ANS)—Die types with the portrait of Ptolemy IData・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Direct reading (PCO die type records) |
| American Numismatic Society | Price, "Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus" (ANS catalog PELLA)Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Direct reading (obtained PELLA's filtered results as a CSV and counted the mints) |
| American Numismatic Society | American Numismatic Society, Collection Database — Decadrachm（Syracuse）Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2024 | Direct examination (obtaining a list of collection records and checking each field) |
| American Numismatic Society | American Numismatic Society 1993.29.42（Menander I, drachm）Object・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 155–130 BC | Reading (Collection record) |
| American Numismatic Society | American Numismatic Society 1944.100.42725（Pharnabazus）・1967.152.462（Tissaphernes）Object・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | late 5th – early 4th century BC | Reading (Collection record) |
| American Numismatic Society（CRRO） | Coinage of the Roman Republic Online（ANS）— RRC 14/1・44/5・480/2a・508/3・544/14Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 3rd–1st century BC | Reading (9 die records from CRRO) |
| American Numismatic Society（CRRO）・Roman Provincial Coinage | CRRO RRC 543/1; RPC I 4094 (Cleopatra VII and Antony)Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 36–32 BC | Direct reading (CRRO die type records; RPC die type records) |
| Andrew Odlyzko — University of Minnesota / SSRN（preliminary version, January 15, 2010） | Collective Hallucinations and Inefficient Markets: The British Railway Mania of the 1840sDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2010-01 | Actual reading (read the Introduction, Chapters 10–11, Chapter 21, Conclusion, Table 2, and Notes 215–219. The claims are within that scope. The main body, Chapters 13–30, has not been read). |
| Anne Goldgar — University of Chicago Press | Tulipmania: Money, Honor, and Knowledge in the Dutch Golden AgeDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2007 | Bibliography confirmed (Crossref: University of Chicago Press 2007). |
| Anne Goldgar（King's College London）— The Conversation | Tulip mania: the classic story of a Dutch financial bubble is mostly wrongDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2018-02-12 | Read (full text). |
| Anne Haour・Annalisa Christie | A. Haour & A. Christie, Cowries in the archaeology of West Africa（Azania 54:3, 2019）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2019 | Direct reading (Azania 54:3, PDF pp. 299–303). |
| Antoin E. Murphy — Oxford University Press | John Law: Economic Theorist and Policy-MakerDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 1997-06-26 | Bibliography confirmed (Crossref: Oxford University Press 1997). |
| Ashmolean Museum | An 'Ides of March' coinDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Based on reading (museum's commentary page) |
| Ashmolean Museum and Oxford Roman Economy Project, University of Oxford | Coin Hoards of the Roman Empire — ProjectData・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are limited to what is stated in the text) |
| Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford | Heberden Coin Room — About the DepartmentDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are limited to what is stated in the text) |
| Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford, et al. | Roman Provincial Coinage Online — HomeData・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are limited to what is stated in the text) |
| Attic Inscriptions Online (trans. Stephen Lambert, P. J. Rhodes) | Law on approvers (dokimastai) of silver coinage, 375/4 BC (Nikophon's law on silver coinage, English translation)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-26 | 375/4 BC | Actual reading (full text of the English translation of AIO 819 and the beginning of the notes). |
| Australian National University Classics Museum | ANU Classics Museum 1968.03（Mark Antony, legionary denarius）Object・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 32–31 BC | Reading (Description of the object) |
| Banglapedia（Ashvini Agrawal） | Banglapedia「Gupta Coins」（Ashvini Agrawal）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Read from the original (full text of the entry) |
| Bank for International Settlements | OTC foreign exchange turnover in April 2022Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2022 | Read on the institution's page |
| Bank for International Settlements | Annual Economic Report 2024, Chapter III: Artificial intelligence and the economy: implications for central banksDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2024-06-25 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Bank for International Settlements | Annual Economic Report 2025, Chapter III: The next-generation monetary and financial systemDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-03 | 2025-06-29 | Read |
| Bank for International Settlements — Alberto Di Iorio, Anneke Kosse, Ilaria Mattei | Embracing diversity, advancing together – results of the 2023 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies and crypto (BIS Papers No 147)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2024-06-14 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Bank of England | Bank Rate history — Changes in Bank Rate, Minimum Lending Rate, Minimum Band 1 Dealing Rate, Repo Rate and Official Bank Rate（HISTORICAL SINCE 1694）Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Perusal (downloaded the xls and read the rows for 1842–1850 from the HISTORICAL SINCE 1694 sheet with xlrd. The claims are within that scope). |
| Bank of England | Bank of England「Our history」Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Primary source (Bank of England's official page) |
| Bank of England | Money in the modern economy: an introduction（Quarterly Bulletin 2014 Q1）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2014 | Further reading (central bank's explanatory PDF) |
| Bank of England | The digital poundDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2025-10-23 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Bank of England — Michael McLeay, Amar Radia, Ryland Thomas | Money creation in the modern economyDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-17 | 2014-03-14 | Assigned reading (summary of the main text PDF, and the section "Market forces facing individual banks" and Figure 2) |
| Bank of England — Michael McLeay, Amar Radia, Ryland Thomas | Money creation in the modern economyDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-03 | 2014-03-14 | Read |
| Bank of England (explainer) | Quantitative easing (What is quantitative easing?)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-03 | 2025-12-05 | Read |
| Bank of England（explainer） | How is money created?Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-03 | 2019-10-01 | Read |
| Banque de France | Banque de France, "Bulletin" No. 105 (2002), "The actual changeover to the euro".Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2002 | Read (archived PDF on Internet Archive). |
| Barclay V. Head (edition held by the Internet Archive) | B. V. Head, Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics, 2nd ed.（1911）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 1911 | Direct reading (sections on Macedonia, Thrace, Egypt, and Bactria) |
| Barclay V. Head (edition held by the Internet Archive) | B. V. Head, Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics, 2nd ed.（1911）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 1911 | Direct examination (general survey of Sicily, section on Syracuse, index of terms) |
| Barthélemy Marmont du Hautchamp (La Haye: Pierre de Hondt, 1739) — Scan from Google Books (Internet Archive) | Histoire du Système des finances sous la minorité de Louis XV, pendant les années 1719 et 1720Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1739 | Direct reading (main text of Table des pièces and Pièces XIX・LXXXI–LXXXIV. OCR). |
| BBC News | Auctioneer exposed by BBC admits illegally selling rare ancient coinsDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2023 | Source (news report). |
| Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig — Wikisource transcription. | Kipper und Wipper — Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4. Auflage, Band 9 (1887), S. 745Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1887 | Read (read through the full text of the entry. Claims are within that scope). |
| Bin Yang | Cowrie Shells and Cowrie Money: A Global History（Routledge, 2019）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-17 | 2019 | Reading (Abstract) |
| BIS — Robert N McCauley, Catherine R Schenk | Central bank swaps then and now: swaps and dollar liquidity in the 1960sDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-03 | 2020-04-01 | Read (Introduction, Sections 2.1, 5, and 6. Section 4 includes part of 4.1). |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | How long is the lifespan of U.S. paper money?Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Read on the institution's page |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | Open Market Operations — FOMC's target federal funds rate or range, change (basis points) and level (2003〜)Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | Federal Reserve Board discount rate action (August 17, 2007)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2007-08-17 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | H.4.1 Factors Affecting Reserve Balances (release of November 29, 2007)Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-22 | 2007-11-29 | Read (read the relevant parts of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description). |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | Federal Reserve and other central banks announce measures designed to address elevated pressures in short-term funding markets (December 12, 2007)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2007-12-12 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | Federal Reserve announces Term Securities Lending Facility (Press Release, March 11, 2008)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-22 | 2008-03-11 | Read (read the relevant parts of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description). |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | Federal Reserve announces two initiatives designed to bolster market liquidity and promote orderly market functioning (March 16, 2008)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2008-03-16 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | Federal Reserve Board announces several initiatives to provide additional support to financial markets, including enhancements to its existing liquidity facilities (September 14, 2008)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2008-09-14 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | Federal Reserve Board, with full support of the Treasury Department, authorizes the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to lend up to $85 billion to the American International Group (AIG) (September 16, 2008)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2008-09-16 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | Federal Reserve Board announces two enhancements to its programs to provide liquidity to markets (September 19, 2008)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2008-09-19 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | Federal Reserve announces it will initiate a program to purchase the direct obligations of housing-related GSEs and MBSDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-03 | 2008-11-25 | Read |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | H.4.1 Factors Affecting Reserve Balances (release of December 18, 2008)Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-22 | 2008-12-18 | Read (read the relevant parts of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description). |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | Credit and Liquidity Programs and the Balance Sheet: Crisis responseDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-03 | 2021-05-10 | Read |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | Federal Reserve "Currency: Cost" (Fiscal Year 2025 Budget)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2025 | As read (on the Federal Reserve's page) |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System | H.4.1 Factors Affecting Reserve Balances (week ended August 26, 2026)Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-03 | 2026-08-27 | Read |
| Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System（FEDS Notes） | Repo Markets and the Fed’s Balance Sheet: Implications for Monetary Policy ImplementationDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-03 | 2026-08-26 | Read |
| Boris Bove（Actes des congrès de la SHMESP, 36ᵉ congrès, Istanbul 2005『Les villes capitales au Moyen Âge』pp. 131–154） | Alliance ou défiance ? Les ambiguïtés de la politique des Capétiens envers leur capitale entre le XIIe et le XVIIe siècleDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-27 | 2006 | Actually read (Text from Persée: first paragraph and note 1 on p. 131). |
| Carl Peez・Josef Raudnitz | Geschichte des Maria-Theresien-ThalersDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 1898 | Read from the full text on the Internet Archive. |
| Carola Frydman, Eric Hilt, Lily Y. Zhou — Journal of Political Economy 123(4) | Economic Effects of Runs on Early "Shadow Banks": Trust Companies and the Impact of the Panic of 1907Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2015-08 | Bibliography confirmed (Crossref). |
| Carola Frydman, Eric Hilt, Lily Y. Zhou — National Bureau of Economic Research | Economic Effects of Runs on Early 'Shadow Banks': Trust Companies and the Impact of the Panic of 1907（NBER Working Paper 18264）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2014-10 | Read (read through the abstract, introduction, Section 2, conclusion, and Table 1; claims are within that scope). |
| Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye | Banknotes of the Republic of TürkiyeDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Read on the institution's page |
| Charles Mackay — Scan from the Internet Archive. | Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions (vol. 1)Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1841 | Read in full (Vol. 1, pp. 4–73 "The Mississippi Scheme" and pp. 139–153 "The Tulipomania". OCR text. pp. 148–149 are missing from OCR). |
| Charles Mackay — London: Office of the National Illustrated Library, 1852 (scan from the Internet Archive). | Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds（2nd ed., vol. 1）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1852 | Actual reading (read the end of the chapter on the South Sea Bubble and its notes. The claims are within that scope. Other chapters are not used for this case). |
| Charles P. Kindleberger — Journal of Economic History 51(1) | The Economic Crisis of 1619 to 1623Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 1991-03 | Bibliography confirmed (Crossref). |
| Circle Internet Group | Transparency & Stability (USDC reserves)Digital・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-03 | 2026-08-31 | Read |
| Coin World | EID MAR gold example sets record for ancient coin selling priceDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Source (article in a trade publication). |
| CoinsWeekly（MünzenWoche） | Meyer Amschel Rothschild, court factor and coin dealerDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are limited to what is stated in the text) |
| Conseil d'État du Roi（Paris: Imprimerie royale, 1720）— BnF Gallica | Arrest du Conseil d'Estat du Roy, concernant les Billets de Banque, les Actions de la Compagnie des Indes, le Cours des Especes, et le prix des Matieres d'Or & d'Argent. Du 5. Mars 1720Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1720 | Read from the original (Gallica images f1, f3, f4: Title, Preamble, Articles 1–5. Articles 6 and onwards not read). |
| Conseil d'État du Roi（Paris: Imprimerie royale, 1720）— BnF Gallica, département Droit, économie, politique, F-21086 (35) | Arrest du Conseil d'Estat du Roy, concernant les Payemens faits en Billets de Banque, sur le pied de la Reduction portée par l'Arrest du 21. May 1720. Du 2. Juin 1720Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1720 | Read from the original (Gallica image f1: Title. The main text was read from the transcription in Du Hautchamp 1739). |
| Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) | Submit a complaintSystem・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) | Managing someone else’s money (guides for financial caregivers)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2026-06-25 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Crawford H. Greenewalt, Jr.（Archaeological Exploration of Sardis／Harvard） | Gold and Silver Refining at Sardis（The Lydians and their World・2010）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-17 | 2010 | Reading (Text of the article) |
| D. Morier Evans — London: Letts, Son and Steer, 1848 (scan from the Internet Archive). | The Commercial Crisis 1847–1848: being facts and figures illustrative of the events of that important period, considered in relation to the three epochs of the Railway Mania, the Food and Money Panic, and the French RevolutionDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1848 | Read (Read the course of events in 1845 and Spackman's tables from Part I "The Railway Mania," Dalhousie's speech, and the monthly accounts for 1847 from Part II. The claims are based on this scope. The price tables and appendix were not read). |
| Deutsche Bundesbank | DEM banknotes and DEM coinsDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Read on the institution's page |
| Deutsche Bundesbank | Deutsche Bundesbank「Exchanging Deutsche Mark for euro」Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Primary source (Deutsche Bundesbank website) |
| Deutsche Bundesbank (exhibition commentary from the Money Museum, PDF 2 pages) | Das besondere Objekt: Die Kipper- und Wipperzeit von 1618 bis 1623Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Read (read through the text of the copy; claims are within that scope) |
| Deutsches Historisches Museum | Inflation（LeMO）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Based on reading (museum's commentary page) |
| Dictionary of National Biography (London: Smith, Elder, 1897; no author name listed) — transcription on Wikisource. | Rothschild, Nathan Meyer — Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 49（1897）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1897 | Read (Read the full entry. Claims are within that scope). |
| Dio Chrysostom（LacusCurtius・Bill Thayer） | Dio Chrysostom, "Discourse 31 (To the Rhodians)" (Loeb translation)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 1940 | Direct reading (Loeb translation, LacusCurtius's Discourse 31, section 54 and notes) |
| Dumbarton Oaks (archived version from the Wayback Machine) | Dumbarton Oaks, Byzantine coins exhibition (2001-02 web exhibition)Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2001 | Reading (archived version from the Wayback Machine 2001-02, page 8) |
| e-Gov Law Search (Digital Agency) | Insurance Business Act (Act No. 105 of 1995)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| e-Gov Law Search (Digital Agency) | Long-Term Care Insurance Act (Act No. 123 of 1997)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| e-Gov Law Search (Digital Agency) | Health Insurance Act (Act No. 70 of 1922)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| e-Gov Law Search (Digital Agency) | Act on Assurance of Medical Care for Elderly People (Act No. 80 of 1982)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| e-Gov Law Search (Digital Agency) | Act on Regulation of Receiving of Capital Subscription, Deposits and Interest on Deposits (Act No. 195 of 1954)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |