BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliography
These are the records and research used in this story. The books and materials referenced in the course and book texts are listed one per line in a single document.
695 items
How to read the verification levels. 'Read' means the material was read in its entirety. 'Bibliography and abstract confirmed' means the bibliographic information and abstract were verified. 'Via course material' means the source was referenced through the main text of a book or a country's monetary history. The text hash is the SHA-256 of the main text from the original source page, excluding tags and whitespace, used to detect if the material has been altered.
| Institution/Author | Title | Publication | Verification Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nature Scientific Reports・CNRS（Estiot, Mairat） | Sci Rep 8, 10676 (2018) / CNRS, commentary on Roman Imperial Coinage (hist4).Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2018 | Consulted (text of Sci Rep 8, 10676 and the CNRS commentary on RIC, hist4). |
| Nehemia Levtzion | N. Levtzion, Ibn-Ḥawqal, the cheque, and Awdaghost（Journal of African History 9(2), 1968, pp. 223〜233）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 1968 | Read from the original (introduction and notes 6 and 7 as published on Cambridge). |
| Nicholas Cahill et al. | A New Find of Croeseid Coins from Sardis（Hesperia 94.2, 2025, pp. 143–183）Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-17 | 2025 | Reading (Abstract) |
| Nicholas D. Cahill, John H. Kroll | New Archaic Coin Finds at Sardis（AJA 109.4, 2005, pp. 589–617）Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-17 | 2005-10 | Reading (Abstract) |
| Nicolas Dutot (cashier of the Indies Company. La Haye: Vaillant & Prevost, 1738) — Google Books scan (Internet Archive). | Réflexions politiques sur les finances et le commerce (tomes I–II)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1738 | Read (Tome I pp.105–107, 158; Tome II pp.363–365, 426. OCR). |
| Norman P. Tanner（papalencyclicals.net） | Third Council of the Lateran (1179), Canon 25 (Tanner translation)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 1990 | Direct reading (Tanner's translation of Canon 25, papalencyclicals.net) |
| NUMiD | NUMiD — Netzwerk universitärer Münzsammlungen in DeutschlandData・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are limited to what is stated in the text) |
| O. M. W. Sprague — National Monetary Commission（Senate Document No. 538, 61st Congress, 2d Session） | History of Crises under the National Banking System（National Monetary Commission）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1910 | Read (Chapter V and Note J read through. Claims are based on that scope). |
| OECD（International Network on Financial Education） | OECD/INFE 2023 International Survey of Adult Financial LiteracyDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2023-12 | Actual reading (the text of the PDF copy was read through using pdftotext, and the claims are within the scope of the text's descriptions). |
| Oesterreichische Nationalbank | Exchanging schillings for euroDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Read on the institution's page |
| Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, U.S. Treasury Department | Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency, 1907Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1907 | Read closely (read through the relevant sections; claims are based on that scope). |
| Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, U.S. Treasury Department | Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency, 1908Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1908 | Read closely (read through the relevant sections; claims are based on that scope). |
| Oliver Volckart — London School of Economics, Department of Economic History | Premodern Debasement: A Messy Affair（LSE Economic History Working Papers No. 270/2017）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2017-12 | Read (read through the abstract, introduction, relevant parts of sections 4–6, and conclusion of the text copy; claims are based on this scope). |
| Pankaj Tandon（Boston University） | P. Tandon, Some Magadha Series I overstrikes from SasaramDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Read from the original (PDF pp. 14–15). |
| Papyrological Navigator data (papyri/idp.data); A. S. Hunt & C. C. Edgar | P.Cair.Zen. I 59021 (Zenon Papyri, 258 BC; English translation by Hunt & Edgar, "Select Papyri II," no. 409)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 1934 | Direct reading (Greek text from DDbDP; date from HGV; English translation by Hunt & Edgar, no. 409) |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom — King's Printer's version published on legislation.gov.uk (The National Archives). | An Act to attach certain Conditions to the Construction of future Railways authorized or to be authorized by any Act of the present or succeeding Sessions of Parliament; and for other Purposes in relation to Railways（Railway Regulation Act 1844）, 7 & 8 Vict. c. 85Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1844-08-09 | Read through (Read through Articles 1–14 of the original PDF. The claims are within that scope). |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom — King's Printer's version published on legislation.gov.uk (The National Archives). | An Act to facilitate the Dissolution of certain Railway Companies（Railway Companies Dissolution Act 1846）, 9 & 10 Vict. c. 28Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1846-07-03 | Read through (Read through Articles 1–16 of the original PDF. The claims are within that scope. Articles 17 and onwards have not been read). |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom — King's Printer's version published on legislation.gov.uk (The National Archives). | An Act for constituting Commissioners of Railways, 9 & 10 Vict. c. 105Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1846-08-28 | Read (Read through all 12 articles of the original PDF. The claims are based on this scope). |
| Penn Museum（Expedition） | The Uses of WritingDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Read (article from a museum's academic journal) |
| Peter M. Garber — Journal of Economic Perspectives 4(2) | Famous First BubblesDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 1990-05-01 | Read (full text pp. 35–54. Read from a copy of the JSTOR version PDF). |
| Pew Research Center | Economics and well-being among U.S. Jews（Jewish Americans in 2020）Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2021-05-11 | Close reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are limited to what is stated in the text) |
| Plutarch (Loeb English translation on LacusCurtius) | Plutarch, Life of Artaxerxes (Perrin trans.)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Read firsthand (English translation of the original text) |
| President’s Working Group on Financial Markets (published by the U.S. Department of the Treasury). | Overview of Recent Events and Potential Reform Options for Money Market Funds (Report of the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets, December 2020)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-22 | 2020-12 | Read (read the relevant parts of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description). |
| Rainer Leng（Universität Würzburg） | R. Leng (University of Würzburg) commentary on the Carolingian monetary reformDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Reading (archived version from the Wayback Machine) |
| Ramón María Serrera (University of Seville) | ¿Esplendor o declive?: Sevilla en 1650 y la plata americanaDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-17 | — | Direct reading (main text, pages 3-5 (section on Hamilton's compilation and its criticism)) |
| Report Fraud & Cyber Crime Reporting Centre (UK. Formerly Action Fraud) | UK's Home for Reporting Cyber Crime & Fraud (Report Fraud)System・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Reserve Bank of India | Reserve Bank of India press release (November 8, 2016)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2016 | Primary source reading (announcement by the Reserve Bank of India) |
| Reserve Bank of India・Wiktionary | Reserve Bank of India Monetary Museum (Mughal); etymology (Wiktionary et al.).Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Read from the original (Mughal page). |
| Reuters (published in Business Insurance) | Judge awards $750,000 in case of money fund that ‘broke buck’ (Reuters, Oct 1, 2013)Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-22 | 2013-10-01 | Read (read the relevant parts of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description). |
| Richard Nixon（American Presidency Project） | President Nixon's speech "The Challenge of Peace" (August 15, 1971)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 15 August 1971 | Full text (speech transcript from UCSB American Presidency Project) |
| Robert Sabatino Lopez | R. S. Lopez, The Dollar of the Middle Ages（1951）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 1951 | Bibliographic confirmation (preview only; subscription required for the main text). |
| Royal Mint Museum | Royal Mint Museum「Decimalisation」Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Source: Royal Mint Museum page |
| Royal Mint Museum | Royal Mint Museum「The modern sovereign」Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Source: Royal Mint Museum page |
| Royal Mint Museum | Royal Mint Museum「Pounds, shillings and pence」Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Source: Royal Mint Museum page |
| Royal Mint Museum | Royal Mint Museum「Isaac Newton」Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Source: Royal Mint Museum page |
| Royal Numismatic Society | The Royal Numismatic SocietyDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are limited to what is stated in the text) |
| Satoshi Nakamoto | Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash SystemDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-03 | 2008-10-31 | Read |
| Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) | Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC — Case Details（SIPC Cases & Claims）Digital・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2008-12-15 | Read (read the full page, i.e., the case basics and the list of announcements from 2008 to 2026. The body text of the announcements was not read, only the headlines and subheadings). |
| Senta Herkle・Marius Wieandt — LEO-BW（Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg） | Kipper- und Wipperzeit (Theme module 'Der Dreißigjährige Krieg').Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2022-08-02 | Read (read through the text of the copy; claims are within that scope) |
| SILVER project, KBR（Royal Library of Belgium） | Methodological Issues — SILVER (Die Studies Database, KBR Royal Library of Belgium)Digital・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2023-05-16 | Direct reading (read through the text of the copy. Checked the bibliography of 22 references). |
| Social Security Administration, Office of the Chief Actuary | Contribution and Benefit BaseData・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Social Security Administration, Office of the Chief Actuary | Social Security & Medicare Tax Rates (FICA & SECA)Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Social Security Administration (U.S.). | Benefits Planner: Retirement — Retirement Age and Benefit ReductionDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Social Security Administration (U.S.). | Plan for MedicareDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Social Security Administration (U.S.). | Understanding the Benefits (Publication No. 05-10024)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Steve H. Hanke・Alex K. F. Kwok | On the Measurement of Zimbabwe’s Hyperinflation（Cato Journal 29(2)）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2009 | Based on reading (a paper's PDF archived on the Internet Archive) |
| SWIFT | SWIFT instructed to disconnect sanctioned Iranian banks following EU Council decisionDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2012 | Read firsthand (SWIFT announcement archived on the Internet Archive) |
| T. W. Rhys Davids (edition from the Internet Archive) | "The Questions of King Milinda," Part II (T. W. Rhys Davids English translation, Sacred Books of the East 36)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Direct reading (conclusion of Book 7 and translator's notes) |
| The Fitzwilliam Museum | Denarius of BrutusDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Source (museum collection page). |
| *The Gentleman's Magazine* (Sylvanus Urban, London: Nichols, Son, and Bentley, 1815). Table created by Richardson, Goodluck, & Co., Bank Buildings (copy from Internet Archive). | Each Day's Price of Stocks in June, 1815 — The Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 85, June 1815, p. 576Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1815-06 | Actually read (read the table on p. 576 from the page image. Claims are limited to that scope). |
| The London Gazette (Published by Authority) — PDF from The Gazette (TSO, The National Archives). | The London Gazette Extraordinary, No. 17028, Thursday 22 June 1815 — Wellington's Waterloo dispatch（p. 1213）Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1815-06-22 | Direct reading (read a copy of the first page via page image and OCR. Claims are based on this scope). |
| The Metropolitan Museum of Art（1988.433.2） | Cuneiform tablet: administrative account concerning the distribution of barley and emmerObject・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-17 | ca. 3100–2900 BCE | Direct reading (record from the museum's open data API: Title, Date, Period, Culture, Material, Dimensions, Accession Number) |
| The Metropolitan Museum of Art（86.11.245） | Cuneiform tablet impressed with two cylinder seals: loan of barleyObject・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-17 | ca. 1780 BCE | Direct reading (record from the museum's open data API: Title, Date, Period, Culture, Material, Dimensions, Accession Number) |
| The Reserve (Reserve Management Company, Inc.; Board of Trustees of The Reserve Fund) | The Reserve Fund — Press Release, September 16, 2008 (The Primary Fund: Lehman securities valued at zero; NAV $0.97 per share)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-17 | 2008-09-16 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| The Rothschild Archive | Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are limited to what is stated in the text) |
| The Rothschild Archive | Nathan Rothschild and the Battle of Waterloo（Brian Cathcart・The Rothschild Archive）Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are limited to what is stated in the text) |
| The Rothschild Archive（Exhibitions: Rothschild Timeline） | Rothschild Timeline (The Rothschild Archive, timeline exhibition)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (People page on the Rothschild Research Forum). | Amschel Mayer von Rothschild (1773-1855)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (People page on the Rothschild Research Forum). | Carl Mayer (Carl) von Rothschild (1788-1855)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (People page on the Rothschild Research Forum). | The Rothschild Family (Microsite for people, bibliography, and residences)Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (People page on the Rothschild Research Forum). | A to Z listing of Rothschild family membersDocument・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (People page on the Rothschild Research Forum). | James Mayer de Rothschild (1792-1868)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (People page on the Rothschild Research Forum). | Salomon Mayer von Rothschild (1774-1855)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (People page on the Rothschild Research Forum). | Nathan Mayer Rothschild (1777-1836)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Direct reading (read through the text of the copy. Claims are based on the content of the text). |
| The Rothschild Archive (Public site: "The Business") | Business activities (The Rothschild Archive: Fields of business)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (Public site: "The Business") | The Business (The Rothschild Archive: Index of houses and businesses)Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (Public site: "The Business") | M A Rothschild & Söhne, Frankfurt (The Frankfurt house)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (Public site: "The Business") | N M Rothschild & Sons, London (The London house)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (Public site: "The Business") | C M de Rothschild e figli, Naples (The Naples house)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (Public site: "The Business") | de Rothschild Frères, Paris (The Paris house)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (Public site: "The Business") | S M von Rothschild, Vienna (The Vienna house)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Rothschild Archive (Public site: "The Business") | The Royal Mint RefineryDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Close reading (Read through the text of the copy. Claims are limited to the scope of the text. The chronology and company pages are collated with the dated sentences in docs/research/ra-dated-sentences.md) |
| The Royal Mint | The 12-Sided £1 CoinDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Read on the institution's page |
| The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences（NobelPrize.org） | The Prize in Economic Sciences 2002 – Press releaseDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2002-10-09 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences（NobelPrize.org） | The Prize in Economic Sciences 2017 – Press releaseDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2017-10-09 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences（NobelPrize.org） | The Prize in Economic Sciences 2022 – Press releaseDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2022-10-10 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| Thomas J. Sargent and François R. Velde (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago). | The Evolution of Small Change（Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Working Paper WP-97-13）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-27 | 1997-12 | Actually read (PDF of the working paper, paragraphs on pp. 21–22). |
| Thomas Tooke — London: Longman, 1848 (scan from the Internet Archive). | A History of Prices, and of the State of the Circulation, from 1839 to 1847 inclusive; with a General Review of the Currency Question（vol. IV）Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 1848 | Read through (Read the section on the money market in 1845–47, Sections 16–17 discussing the operation of the Act of 1844, and the section comparing 1825 and 1847. The claims are within that scope. The sections on prices and corn have not been read). |
| Trent Jonson（University of Oxford） | T. Jonson, Oxford DPhil thesis（2014）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2014 | Read from the original (Vol. 2, p. 272). |
| Tulane University (archived version from the Wayback Machine). | Tulane University lecture materials, "Roman Currency of the Principate".Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Consulted (version archived by the Wayback Machine on 2015-11-28. No author indicated). |
| Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı（Halil Sahillioğlu） | TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi「Akçe」（Halil Sahillioğlu）Document・Secondary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Read from the original (full text of the entry "Akçe"). |
| U.S. Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York（Audrey Strauss, Drew Skinner, Louis A. Pellegrino） | United States v. Bernard L. Madoff, 09 Cr. 213 (DC) — Memorandum of Law of the United States in Opposition to Defendant's Motion for a Reduction in Sentence (Doc. 223)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2020-03-05 | Read (read through all 31 pages: Preliminary Statement, Factual Background, Guilty Plea, Sentencing, History of Release Request, Legal Arguments, Conclusion. Copy at cases-evidence/madoff-doj-1258026.pdf). |
| U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics | Consumer Price Index Frequently Asked QuestionsData・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics | Consumer Price Index Summary — July 2026 (news release)Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics | The Recession of 2007–2009 (BLS Spotlight on Statistics, February 2012)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2012-02 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics | Consumer Expenditures--2024Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | 2025-12-19 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics（Current Population Survey） | Unemployment Rate, 16 years and over, seasonally adjusted (LNS14000000), monthly 2007–2010 — BLS Public Data API v2Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) | What is a debt-to-income ratio?Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| U.S. Currency Education Program | $100 NoteDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Read on the institution's page |
| U.S. Department of the Treasury | About TARPData・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-22 | — | Read (read the relevant parts of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description). |
| U.S. Department of the Treasury | TARP Programs — AIG: StatusData・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-22 | — | Read (read the relevant parts of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description). |
| U.S. Department of the Treasury | U.S. Department of the Treasury, "History of ‘In God We Trust’" (archived version)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | — | Direct reading (archived version of the Treasury Department page from 2020) |
| U.S. Department of the Treasury | Statement by Secretary Henry M. Paulson, Jr. on Treasury and Federal Housing Finance Agency Action to Protect Financial Markets and Taxpayers (hp-1129, September 7, 2008)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2008-09-07 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| U.S. Department of the Treasury | Treasury Announces Guaranty Program for Money Market Funds (hp-1147, September 19, 2008)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-05 | 2008-09-19 | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| U.S. Department of the Treasury | Treasury Announces TARP Capital Purchase Program Description (HP-1207, October 14, 2008)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-22 | 2008-10-14 | Read (read the relevant parts of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description). |
| U.S. Department of the Treasury | Tranche Report to Congress (First Tranche Report, November 4, 2008)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-22 | 2008-11-04 | Read (read the relevant parts of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description). |
| U.S. Department of the Treasury | Treasury Receives Payment From Its Final Sale of AIG Common Stock, Bringing Positive Return on Overall AIG Commitment to $22.7 Billion (TG-1805, December 14, 2012)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-22 | 2012-12-14 | Read (read the relevant parts of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description). |
| U.S. Department of the Treasury | Penny Production Cessation FAQsDocument・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-19 | 2025 | Read on the institution's page |
| U.S. Department of the Treasury, Bureau of the Fiscal Service | Debt to the Penny (Fiscal Data API, latest record)Data・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-09-04 | — | Full reading (read through the text of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description) |
| U.S. Department of the Treasury (Joint Statement by the Secretary of the Treasury, Fed Chairman, and FDIC Chairman). | Joint Statement by Treasury, Federal Reserve and FDIC (HP-1206, October 14, 2008)Document・Primary Source ／ Date Verified 2026-10-22 | 2008-10-14 | Read (read the relevant parts of the copy; claims are within the scope of the text's description). |