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BIBLIOGRAPHY

P.Cair.Zen. I 59021 (Zenon Papyri, 258 BC; English translation by Hunt & Edgar, "Select Papyri II," no. 409)

Papyrological Navigator data (papyri/idp.data); A. S. Hunt & C. C. Edgar

Claims Supported by This Source

  1. 258 BC, a letter from Demetrios to Apollonios, the finance minister. Reports that he restruck the gold he received and returned it.
  2. Handling of the quantity: The original Greek text only has the numbers Μ Ζ (57,000) without a unit. Hunt & Edgar, Select Papyri II no. 409 (1934), pp. 548–549, translates it as "in gold 57000 pieces". Austin's translation gives the unit as "[drachmas?]" (cited in an article from the University of Michigan's Kelsey Museum, not yet obtained). Since the unit cannot be determined, the quantity is not written in the main text.
  3. Strangers and merchants bring in coinage from the king's foreign possessions and old gold pentadrachms, and are made to exchange them for new coinage in accordance with the ordinance.
  4. It is considered profitable that as much gold as possible should come in from abroad and that the king's coinage should always be fine and new.

How to read the verification levels. 'Read' means the material was read in its entirety. 'Bibliography and abstract confirmed' means the bibliographic information and abstract were verified. 'Via course material' means the source was referenced through the main text of a book or a country's monetary history. The text hash is the SHA-256 of the main text from the original source page, excluding tags and whitespace, used to detect if the material has been altered.