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ledger

帳簿　—　Institutions

The record of who owes how much to whom.

Silver denier of Charlemagne Silver denier of Charlemagne794 onward Gold maravedí of Alfonso VIII Gold maravedí of Alfonso VIII1174–1217 (held to be struck at Toledo) Grivna of Novgorod (silver bar) Grivna of Novgorod (silver bar)13th–15th centuries
A photograph of the real thing this term names.

⚠ An important part of monetary history occurs not with metal, but on ledgers. There have been eras when vast transactions were settled without a single coin moving. Surviving ledgers are more eloquent than surviving coins.