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republic

共和国　—　People & places

A state with no monarch, ruled by the representatives of its citizens.

5 Lira note from the earliest period of the Republic 5 Lira note from the earliest period of the Republic1927 One-peseta note of the Republic One-peseta note of the Republic1937 (as printed) Denarius with Caesar's portrait Denarius with Caesar's portrait44 BC
A photograph of the real thing this term names.

⚠ Without a monarch, the question of whose face to engrave on coinage becomes an issue. Gods, personifications, founders — the choice reveals what the republic bases its authority on.