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A face seen from the side. Most coin portraits are like this.

Decadrachm of Syracuse Decadrachm of SyracuseLate 5th century BC Lysimachos Tetradrachm Lysimachos Tetradrachm297–281 BC Teston of Henry II Teston of Henry II1550
A photograph of the real thing this term names.

In profile, a person can be identified by their outline alone. On a small circle, this was a form that could be distinguished even with a shallow engraving. This is an example of how a technical constraint determined a format that would last for two thousand years.