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BIBLIOGRAPHY

"History of Ming," Vol. 78, Treatise on Food and Money 2, and Vol. 81, Treatise on Food and Money 5.

Zhang Tingyu et al., "History of Ming" (Wikisource)

Claims Supported by This Source

  1. For the Da Ming Baochao, one string (guan) was worth 1,000 cash coins or one liang of silver; four strings were worth one liang of gold. Private transactions in gold and silver were forbidden, but exchanging gold and silver for banknotes was permitted.
  2. In the 13th year of the Zhengtong era, those who refused banknotes were fined 10,000 guan, and their entire family was exiled to the frontier.
  3. Later, one string of banknotes became worth less than a single cash coin.
  4. The Single-Whip Method was intermittently implemented and abolished during the Jiajing era, and was enforced nationwide in the ninth year of the Wanli era (Vol. 78).

How to read the verification levels. 'Read' means the material was read in its entirety. 'Bibliography and abstract confirmed' means the bibliographic information and abstract were verified. 'Via course material' means the source was referenced through the main text of a book or a country's monetary history. The text hash is the SHA-256 of the main text from the original source page, excluding tags and whitespace, used to detect if the material has been altered.