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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Wikipedia「Dutch East India Company」「Euronext Amsterdam」「Isaac Le Maire」

Wikipedia (according to the sources of each article)

Claims Supported by This Source

  1. Established March 20, 1602; one of the first joint-stock companies, with permanent capital.
  2. The British East India Company was chartered in 1600 ("Joint-stock company").
  3. The oldest modern securities market ("Euronext Amsterdam").
  4. February 11, 1609: short selling through forward contracts by Le Maire and others ("Isaac Le Maire").

How to read the verification levels. 'Read' means the material was read in its entirety. 'Bibliography and abstract confirmed' means the bibliographic information and abstract were verified. 'Via course material' means the source was referenced through the main text of a book or a country's monetary history. The text hash is the SHA-256 of the main text from the original source page, excluding tags and whitespace, used to detect if the material has been altered.