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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Wikipedia「Vasco da Gama」「Portuguese India Armadas」

Wikipedia (according to the sources of each article)

Claims Supported by This Source

  1. Arrived in Calicut on May 20, 1498; pepper and cinnamon.
  2. The spice trade was almost entirely monopolized by Venice.
  3. The Portuguese route temporarily disrupted but did not sever the trade; a factory was established in Antwerp in 1508 ("Portuguese India Armadas").

How to read the verification levels. 'Read' means the material was read in its entirety. 'Bibliography and abstract confirmed' means the bibliographic information and abstract were verified. 'Via course material' means the source was referenced through the main text of a book or a country's monetary history. The text hash is the SHA-256 of the main text from the original source page, excluding tags and whitespace, used to detect if the material has been altered.