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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Wikipedia, "Philip IV of France" (section "Revaluation")

Wikipedia (Source: Ignacio de la Torre, “The Monetary Fluctuations in Philip IV's Kingdom of France and Their Relevance to the Arrest of the Templars”, in The Debate on the Trial of the Templars (1307–1314), Ashgate, 2010, pp. 57–68 / Piers Paul Read, The Templars, Phoenix, 2001)

Claims Supported by This Source

  1. On June 8, 1306, Philip IV ordered the silver content of the new currency to be returned to the 1285 level (3.96 grams of silver per livre), and the debased coinage of 1303 was devalued by two-thirds ("Revaluation"; source: Torre 2010, p. 65).
  2. Debtors were driven to poverty as they had to repay their loans in the new, strong currency (ibid., Torre 2010, p. 65).
  3. This led to the Paris riots of December 30, 1306, and Philip temporarily took refuge in the Temple in Paris, the headquarters of the Knights Templar (ibid.; source: Read, The Templars, 2001, p. 255).

How to read the verification levels. 'Read' means the material was read in its entirety. 'Bibliography and abstract confirmed' means the bibliographic information and abstract were verified. 'Via course material' means the source was referenced through the main text of a book or a country's monetary history. The text hash is the SHA-256 of the main text from the original source page, excluding tags and whitespace, used to detect if the material has been altered.