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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Reference figures and tables: Flow of Funds (Preliminary figures) for the first quarter of 2026.

Bank of Japan, Research and Statistics Department

Claims Supported by This Source

  1. Chart 6-2 ① (Financing Bills + JGBs/FILP bonds, market value, end of March 2026): Central bank 42.21%, Depository corporations 13.62%, Insurance and pension funds 16.42%, Public pension funds 6.39%, Households 1.74%, Overseas 13.72%, Others 5.91%.
  2. In the same table, end of March 2011: central bank 8.88%, deposit-taking institutions 42.08%. End of March 2013, central bank 13.12%; end of March 2020, 44.17%; end of December 2023, 47.90%.
  3. Figure 6-2 ② (JGBs and FILP bonds only, as of end of March 2026): Central Bank 47.88%, Deposit-taking institutions 13.15%, Insurance and pension funds 18.44%, Households 1.98%, Overseas 8.09%
  4. Figure 6-1: General government financial liabilities: 1,508 trillion yen (end of March 2026, book/face value), of which government bonds etc. are 1,196 trillion yen (79.3%), +1.6% year-on-year.
  5. Figure 3-1: Household financial assets 2,386 trillion yen (end of March 2026), cash and deposits 1,126 trillion yen (47.2%), debt securities 36 trillion yen (1.5%), investment trusts 165 trillion yen (6.9%), stocks, etc. 398 trillion yen (16.7%)

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