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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Please explain the evolution of the guidelines for money market operations.

Bank of Japan (Tell me! Nichigin)

Claims Supported by This Source

  1. 1999-2000: Zero interest rate policy
  2. 2001: Quantitative easing: Operating target changed from the uncollateralized call rate to the outstanding balance of current accounts at the Bank of Japan.
  3. 2006: Discontinuation
  4. 2013: Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing: Operating target changed to the monetary base.
  5. January 2016: -0.1% on the policy-rate balance.
  6. September 2016: Yield curve control (10-year JGB yield at around zero percent).

How to read the verification levels. 'Read' means the material was read in its entirety. 'Bibliography and abstract confirmed' means the bibliographic information and abstract were verified. 'Via course material' means the source was referenced through the main text of a book or a country's monetary history. The text hash is the SHA-256 of the main text from the original source page, excluding tags and whitespace, used to detect if the material has been altered.