The Athenian Agora XXVI: The Greek Coins（J. H. Kroll・1993）

Claims Supported by This Source

1. The first coins of Athens were the Wappenmünzen, with changing devices, placed between the return of Peisistratos (546 BC) and the adoption of the fixed types of Athena's head and owl. Kroll dates the adoption to the 510s BC, under Hippias (p. 5).
2. There are theories for an earlier date (Cahn) and a later date (Vickers) (p. 5, note 6).
3. A large issue of owls occurred in the first 20 years of the 5th century, and olive leaves were added to the helmet in the 470s and 460s (p. 5).
4. The 5th-century owls were favored in the Eastern Mediterranean and became the most imitated coins of antiquity (p. 6).
5. The emergency gold coinage of 407/6 and the silver-plated bronze owls of 406/5. Lines 725–726 of "Frogs" refer to these bronze coins, thousands of which were found in the Piraeus hoard of 1902 (pp. 6–7).

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