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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Al-Umari's "Masalik al-Absar" (French translation by Gaudefroy-Demombynes, 1927; English translation by Levtzion & Hopkins).

Al-Umari.

Claims Supported by This Source

  1. One gold mithqal was not less than 25 dirhams, but afterwards did not exceed 22 dirhams, and remained so for about 12 years.
  2. One hundred loads of gold (testimony of Ibn Amir Hajib).
  3. "14,000 young female slaves" is from Al-Maqrizi (appendix).

How to read the verification levels. 'Read' means the material was read in its entirety. 'Bibliography and abstract confirmed' means the bibliographic information and abstract were verified. 'Via course material' means the source was referenced through the main text of a book or a country's monetary history. The text hash is the SHA-256 of the main text from the original source page, excluding tags and whitespace, used to detect if the material has been altered.